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Choosing the right bearing increases the efficiency of equipment, saves materials for seats manufacture and ensures reliable operation of the detail. The most important factors, attention should be paid on, are as following:
Space for bearing accommodation. One of the main dimensions of the bearing is an inner diameter, defined by general construction of machinery. Therefore, for shafts of different diameters use different types of bearings: for shafts of small diameter - all types of ball bearings and also needle bearings; for shafts of large diameter - ball and spherical roller bearings. If space is radially limited, use bearings with small cross-section diameter series 1, 7, 8, 9. Especially appropriate usage of needle bearings with stamped outer ring without one (or two) rings. With limited space in the axial direction use single-row ball and roller bearings of narrow series.
The magnitude and direction of load. The magnitude and direction of load - a crucial factor in choosing the type and size of the bearing. At low loads and small shafts diameter usually use ball bearings, and for larger loads and larger shaft diameters - roller bearings, because they can sustain higher load of the same dimensions with ball bearings and have greater rigidity. Cageless bearings can withstand higher loads compared to the similar bearing size of cage construction. By the action direction distinguish 3 types of loads: radial, axial and composite. Only radial load can be sustained by needle roller bearings, bearings with cylindrical rollers with no flanges on one of the rings (bearing markings - type 2000, 32000) and toroidal bearings. Other radial bearings in one way or another can take axial loads. Thrust bearings can take only axial load. When composite load choose, primarily, angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings. Therefore, the magnitude of the axial load, took by the bearing, depends on the angle of contact. By increasing the contact angle its axial bearing capacity increases.
Most suitable for perception of axial load are thrust bearings and angular contact ball bearings. Angular contact ball bearings are able to take unilateral axial and radial loads. In cases of axial loads in both directions, apply dual radial thrust ball bearings.
In case of composite loads when radial and axial loads acting simultaneously, typically, used single-row and dual (paired, duplexes) angular contact ball bearings. Also can be used roller bearings with cylindrical rollers (bearing markings - type 12000, 42000, 52000, 62000, 92000).
The speed and accuracy of rotation. When work in units with high rotation speeds use ball bearings at radial loads, but in cases of composite loads - angular contact ball bearings.
One of the main ways to create a high-speed bearings is to reduce weight of rolling elements for the purpose of reduction of centrifugal forces.
Structurally, it is realized by reducing the size of rolling elements with a simultaneous increase in their number in the bearing. To increase agility and precision of rotation must be used bearings made of high precision of bearing surfaces.
Misalignment of shaft and housing. The lack of necessary alignment of sits for bearings in main body, cause distortions of bearings, which are mounted on the shaft. This leads to bending of the shaft and increasing of dynamic loads on the bearings. To ensure the efficiency of bearings in such conditions is recommended to use self-aligning ball bearings, and at larger loads - spherical roller bearings.